A Dysfluency Manifesto

en
April 2024
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Version 1
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https://files.stutteringcommons.org/manifesto-full.m4a
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en

We welcome stuttering in all its forms, frequencies, and intersections, recognizing that we all stutter and stammer in different ways. Collectively, we desire a space (and time) for people with dysfluencies and their allies to explore, celebrate, study, and document vocal differences.

We are collaborators with interests in promoting dysfluent speech as an aesthetic and expressive value in a culture that demands speed, efficiency, and fluency in voice. Many of us are people who stutter or stammer in our speech. We view our speech (and your speech, too) as beautiful in all its voluntary and involuntary utterances. Some of us have gained from our collaborations with speech-language therapists; some of us have been traumatized by that same work. Some of us are working toward a radical revisioning of therapeutic approaches to stuttered speech through stutter-affirming conversations and dialogues. In our collaborations (past, present, and future), we challenge the primacy of biomedical expectations about fluent speech. We love and celebrate the diversity of speech patterns, the pauses in voice, communication, and thought, that dysfluencies introduce in conversation, and we sustain those conversations through ongoing interdisciplinary dialogue.

We aim to produce accessible and sustainable resources that generate new understandings of speech dysfluencies and a transformative sense of belonging for those who speak dysfluently.

We fundamentally value those with dysfluent speech and disabled voices, inviting individuals, communities, academics, activists, artists, and therapists into a shared dialogue about how we experience, understand, and interpret dysfluencies. We challenge the medical models, social norms, and discriminatory practices that view dysfluency in terms of deficit, and we claim stuttering as a legitimate and valued form of speech variation within a soundscape of vocal difference and diversity. Our ongoing resources create vital connections between academic research, creative practice, and public accessibility and inclusion.

We honour the rich and varied sounds of stuttered speech by ensuring they are heard and experienced within an emerging stuttering culture.

We understand stuttering culture as the generative, creative potential of stuttering, seeing it as inherently valuable. A stuttering culture produces and amplifies more dysfluencies and creates an international community. We appreciate cacophony and ruptures in art, which contribute to how we understand and value dysfluent speech. We foster this sense of culture through international conversations in art, education, therapy, science, and lived experience. A stuttering culture values educational resources, publications, podcasts, conferences, events, exhibitions, and digital archives. We recognise stuttering’s cultural heritage and contemporary contributions, and we add to this soundscape of divergent voices. We delight in all the places that stuttering appears: the conversation, the discussion, the joke, the comic, the poem, the interview, the story, the dialogue, the monologue, the song, the stage, and the classroom.

We invite individuals, academics, activists, artists, and therapists into progressive and emancipatory dialogue about how we experience, understand, represent, and document dysfluency in all its intersections to support collective action and social change.

We aim to deconstruct, unsettle, rupture, and bend fluency privilege through harnessing the generative potential of dysfluency across cultures to support shared world building and knowledge mobilization. We strive to build and sustain a dysfluent future through stammering pride and speech diversity. We invite those with dysfluent, disabled, neurodivergent, and minority voices into future collaborations advocating for transformative belonging.

“A dysfluency manifesto” [text and audio] © 2024 by Stuttering Commons is licensed under Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International CC BY-SA 4.0

Read in English by Maria Stuart, Daniel Martin, Conor Foran, Sam Simpson, Patrick Campbell and Joshua St. Pierre.

French translation by Christine Tournier-Badbré, CC BY-SA 4.0. Portuguese translation by Sofia Fernandes, proofreading by Igor Lôbo, CC BY-SA 4.0. Spanish translation by Angelica Barnabe, CC BY-SA 4.0.

Sign Our manifesto

Thank you for signing the manifesto and joining us in disrupting dysfluency privilege.

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Claire Bull
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Joshua Gentry-Bromwich
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Voice:
A photograph of Erin Schick speaking in front of a microphone. They have light skin, short hair, and they are wearing a navy and white polka dot garment. The background is totally black.
'Honest Speech' is a poem about stuttering performed by Erin Schick at National Poetry Slam 2014 in Oakland, California.
Voice:
A photograph of Erin Schick speaking in front of a microphone. They have light skin, short hair, and they are wearing a navy and white polka dot garment. The background is totally black.
'Honest Speech' is a poem about stuttering performed by Erin Schick at National Poetry Slam 2014 in Oakland, California.
Voice:
A black and white photograph of a woman ion mid-stutter. Her eyes are closed, her mouth is pursed and she is folding her arms. She has short dark hair, light skin and a light-coloured buttoned-shirt.
In 2016, Alda Villiljós collaborated with Málbjörg, the National Stuttering Association in Iceland to photograph people in the moment of stuttering.
Voice:
A black and white photograph of a woman ion mid-stutter. Her eyes are closed, her mouth is pursed and she is folding her arms. She has short dark hair, light skin and a light-coloured buttoned-shirt.
In 2016, Alda Villiljós collaborated with Málbjörg, the National Stuttering Association in Iceland to photograph people in the moment of stuttering.
Voice:
Stuttering pride is starting to mature. No longer a hushed whisper that might evaporate if spoken aloud, the social movement of stuttering pride has turned to root and flower.
Voice:
Stuttering pride is starting to mature. No longer a hushed whisper that might evaporate if spoken aloud, the social movement of stuttering pride has turned to root and flower.
Voice:
A photo of a postcard on a wooden table. It reads: "Crip lips catch words flying straight and sit down for a chat; they create something new." The quote comes from Joshua St Pierre, whose name is featured on the bottom of the postcard. The font repeats and stretches some letters to reflect a sense of stammering. The text is blue, with blue and aqua waves of colouring the background.
A postcard design by Conor Foran featuring a quote taken from Joshua St Pierre's 2017 article on the blog Did I Stutter?
Voice:
A photo of a postcard on a wooden table. It reads: "Crip lips catch words flying straight and sit down for a chat; they create something new." The quote comes from Joshua St Pierre, whose name is featured on the bottom of the postcard. The font repeats and stretches some letters to reflect a sense of stammering. The text is blue, with blue and aqua waves of colouring the background.
A postcard design by Conor Foran featuring a quote taken from Joshua St Pierre's 2017 article on the blog Did I Stutter?
Voice:
Patrick Campbell
A close-up photograph of a person speaking into a boom microphone. They have dark skin and are smiling, their face partly obscured in darkness. They are wearing a mustard-coloured top. The background is black.
Alternative voices was a series of continuity announcements on Channel 4 by individuals with a variety of communication differences. They were released and used in December 2013. The announcements involve: Kate, who is an Augmentative and alternative communication device user; Matthew, a person who stammers; Jess Thom, who has Tourette’s; Alex, a deaf actor who uses both speech and British Sign Language (BSL); and Luke, who has Tourette’s.
https://files.stutteringcommons.org/soundscape-of-vocal-difference-and-diversity.m4a
Voice:
Patrick Campbell
A close-up photograph of a person speaking into a boom microphone. They have dark skin and are smiling, their face partly obscured in darkness. They are wearing a mustard-coloured top. The background is black.
Alternative voices was a series of continuity announcements on Channel 4 by individuals with a variety of communication differences. They were released and used in December 2013. The announcements involve: Kate, who is an Augmentative and alternative communication device user; Matthew, a person who stammers; Jess Thom, who has Tourette’s; Alex, a deaf actor who uses both speech and British Sign Language (BSL); and Luke, who has Tourette’s.
Voice:
Patrick Campbell
This image is the album cover of The Who’s single ‘My Generation’. It features a photograph of the four band members standing on a concrete surface looking upwards at the camera lens. Three of them have dark hair and one has light blonde hair. They are wearing a mix of denim and dark clothing. ‘The Who’ is in a red stencil font at the top left of the composition and ‘My Generation’ is in a smaller blue stencil font in the bottom right.
My Generation by the WHO was released in October 1965. It was written by guitarist and song-writer Pete Townshend. The personnel involved in the recording were: Roger Daltrey, lead vocals; Pete Townshend, electric guitar and backing vocals; John Entwistle, bass guitar and backing vocals; and Keith Moon, drums. A range of stories exist as to the reason for Roger Daltrey’s distinctive staccato delivery. Producer Shel Talmy called it "one of those happy accidents". At first, the BBC banned the song, concerned it would be offensive to those who stutter. They reversed this decision after its initial success. The song is often included in lists of the greatest rock songs of all time.
https://files.stutteringcommons.org/song.m4a
Voice:
Patrick Campbell
This image is the album cover of The Who’s single ‘My Generation’. It features a photograph of the four band members standing on a concrete surface looking upwards at the camera lens. Three of them have dark hair and one has light blonde hair. They are wearing a mix of denim and dark clothing. ‘The Who’ is in a red stencil font at the top left of the composition and ‘My Generation’ is in a smaller blue stencil font in the bottom right.
My Generation by the WHO was released in October 1965. It was written by guitarist and song-writer Pete Townshend. The personnel involved in the recording were: Roger Daltrey, lead vocals; Pete Townshend, electric guitar and backing vocals; John Entwistle, bass guitar and backing vocals; and Keith Moon, drums. A range of stories exist as to the reason for Roger Daltrey’s distinctive staccato delivery. Producer Shel Talmy called it "one of those happy accidents". At first, the BBC banned the song, concerned it would be offensive to those who stutter. They reversed this decision after its initial success. The song is often included in lists of the greatest rock songs of all time.
Voice:
A photograph of JJJJJerome Ellis on stage performing, taken from someone in the crowd. He is singing into a microphone with a grand piano and various other instruments around him. In the backrgound is a massive gold-yellow sculpture constructed from glittering materials.
Performed by artist and composer JJJJJerome Ellis in March 2024, Voice and Breath bridged the worlds of stammering, music, art and performance in the Tate Modern's Turbine Hall, London.
Voice:
A photograph of JJJJJerome Ellis on stage performing, taken from someone in the crowd. He is singing into a microphone with a grand piano and various other instruments around him. In the backrgound is a massive gold-yellow sculpture constructed from glittering materials.
Performed by artist and composer JJJJJerome Ellis in March 2024, Voice and Breath bridged the worlds of stammering, music, art and performance in the Tate Modern's Turbine Hall, London.
Voice:
Stuttering may give us special insight into language by breaking it open and exposing its seams.
Voice:
Stuttering may give us special insight into language by breaking it open and exposing its seams.
Voice:
Who We Are is an audio love letter to the diversity that exists within the stuttering community. It aims to represent as many different languages, accents and voices as possible.
Voice:
Who We Are is an audio love letter to the diversity that exists within the stuttering community. It aims to represent as many different languages, accents and voices as possible.
Voice:
A photograph looking down at the stage at Stammering Pride Against Prejudice event taken by someone in the audience. The four speakers are sitting down, and the host is standing up holding a microphone. On the projector is a slide reading: "Dysfluent art: panel discussion chaired by Maria Stuart". Below it are the speakers' headshots and names: Paul Aston, Willemijn Bolks, JJJJJerome Ellis and Conor Foran. The image is in a blue monochrome colour.
Stammering Pride Against Prejudice was a conference held in City Lit in September 2023, hosted by Sam Simpson and Patrick Campbell. Intersectionality and stammering culture were among some of the topics explored. It was a follow up to the landmark conference and publication, Stammering Pride and Prejudice.
Voice:
A photograph looking down at the stage at Stammering Pride Against Prejudice event taken by someone in the audience. The four speakers are sitting down, and the host is standing up holding a microphone. On the projector is a slide reading: "Dysfluent art: panel discussion chaired by Maria Stuart". Below it are the speakers' headshots and names: Paul Aston, Willemijn Bolks, JJJJJerome Ellis and Conor Foran. The image is in a blue monochrome colour.
Stammering Pride Against Prejudice was a conference held in City Lit in September 2023, hosted by Sam Simpson and Patrick Campbell. Intersectionality and stammering culture were among some of the topics explored. It was a follow up to the landmark conference and publication, Stammering Pride and Prejudice.
Voice:
What does good speech therapy look like? Should you focus on spontaneity over fluency? "It's ok to stutter" can be a powerful message.
Voice:
What does good speech therapy look like? Should you focus on spontaneity over fluency? "It's ok to stutter" can be a powerful message.
Voice:
My goal is no longer to achieve fluency—because why should I have to?
Voice:
My goal is no longer to achieve fluency—because why should I have to?
Voice:
Conor Foran
Whether people who stammer consider themselves disabled or not does not stop them from being disabled by society. As long as society views stammered speech as inferior, they will be disabled by societal norms.
https://files.stutteringcommons.org/dysfluent-speech-and-disabled-voices.m4a
Voice:
Conor Foran
Whether people who stammer consider themselves disabled or not does not stop them from being disabled by society. As long as society views stammered speech as inferior, they will be disabled by societal norms.
Voice:
Patrick Campbell
A photograph of Ed Balls speaking in the UK House of Commons. He is a middle-aged man with light skin and greying hair. He is wearing a navy suit with a red tie. He is in the middle of speaking and is leaning against a podium. In the background are his political colleagues sitting on green-upholstered benches.
This is a video clip of the House of Commons during the 2012 Autumn Statement. It shows Ed Balls, a person who stammers and politician, speaking and being jeered and mocked for a moment of stammering. The Autumn Statement is an important part of a political calendar in the UK. The political party in power presents their monetary policy for the year. The opposition party then has a chance to ask questions and critique the policy. Ed Balls was in opposition government and the person, as shadow chancellor of the Ex-Chequer, in the role to give the main critique. He is a person who stammers and he stammered during his repost. The main party in governing power laughed and mocked him. Ed Balls has became an active advocate of people who stammer in the UK over the years after these experiences.
https://files.stutteringcommons.org/demands-speed-efficiency-and-fluency-in-voice.m4a
Voice:
Patrick Campbell
A photograph of Ed Balls speaking in the UK House of Commons. He is a middle-aged man with light skin and greying hair. He is wearing a navy suit with a red tie. He is in the middle of speaking and is leaning against a podium. In the background are his political colleagues sitting on green-upholstered benches.
This is a video clip of the House of Commons during the 2012 Autumn Statement. It shows Ed Balls, a person who stammers and politician, speaking and being jeered and mocked for a moment of stammering. The Autumn Statement is an important part of a political calendar in the UK. The political party in power presents their monetary policy for the year. The opposition party then has a chance to ask questions and critique the policy. Ed Balls was in opposition government and the person, as shadow chancellor of the Ex-Chequer, in the role to give the main critique. He is a person who stammers and he stammered during his repost. The main party in governing power laughed and mocked him. Ed Balls has became an active advocate of people who stammer in the UK over the years after these experiences.
Voice:
An self-portrait oil painting of the artist stammering. His eyes and mouth are wide open, with his eyebrows raised. His hands are pointing towards his chest. He is a middle-aged man with light skin and short, balding hair. He is wearing a bright orange jumper an dthe background features a blue sky with white puffy clouds.
Paul Aston is a figurative painter working in Cambridge in the United Kingdom. He explores the experience of stammering through paintings that celebrate stammering as just the way people speak.
Voice:
An self-portrait oil painting of the artist stammering. His eyes and mouth are wide open, with his eyebrows raised. His hands are pointing towards his chest. He is a middle-aged man with light skin and short, balding hair. He is wearing a bright orange jumper an dthe background features a blue sky with white puffy clouds.
Paul Aston is a figurative painter working in Cambridge in the United Kingdom. He explores the experience of stammering through paintings that celebrate stammering as just the way people speak.
Voice:
Patrick Campbell
A comic with black text featuring a character with greyish hair and a green jumper. The character appears three times throughout the frame. The text reads: "I st-st-st-st-stutter", "I create l…ong silences", "And I am allowed… to take up that space."
Willemijn Bolks is a stutterer and creative in the Netherlands. She has been making comics for the past few years to help herself and others understand the experience of stammering. She shares her comics on Instagram and has an online shop too. She shared this comic on International Stammering Awareness Day in October 2021. It shows Willemijn in a green top, in a variety of speaking poses saying “I st-st-st-st-stutter. I create long silences and I am allowed to take up that space.”
https://files.stutteringcommons.org/comic.m4a
Voice:
Patrick Campbell
A comic with black text featuring a character with greyish hair and a green jumper. The character appears three times throughout the frame. The text reads: "I st-st-st-st-stutter", "I create l…ong silences", "And I am allowed… to take up that space."
Willemijn Bolks is a stutterer and creative in the Netherlands. She has been making comics for the past few years to help herself and others understand the experience of stammering. She shares her comics on Instagram and has an online shop too. She shared this comic on International Stammering Awareness Day in October 2021. It shows Willemijn in a green top, in a variety of speaking poses saying “I st-st-st-st-stutter. I create long silences and I am allowed to take up that space.”
Voice:
Patrick Campbell
The stammering aesthetic is an aspect of the person you may often witness when you meet them face to face, but one which is never shown on a still photograph.
https://files.stutteringcommons.org/as-an-aesthetic.m4a
Voice:
Patrick Campbell
The stammering aesthetic is an aspect of the person you may often witness when you meet them face to face, but one which is never shown on a still photograph.
Voice:
Conor Foran
A close-up photograph of a page of The Clearing publication. Black and blue typography are on a beige-coloured background. There are moments where the black typography repeats erraticly across the composition: the letter 'd' is scattered and overlaps multiple times. All the typography is the same size.
JJJJJerome Ellis’s The Clearing asks how stuttering, blackness, and music can be practices of refusal against hegemonic governance of time, speech, and encounter. Taking his glottal block stutter as a point of departure, Ellis figures the aporia and the block as clearing to consider how dysfluency, opacity, and refusal can open a new space for relation. This photo shows some of the typographic detailing in the publication.
https://files.stutteringcommons.org/contemporary-contributions.m4a
Voice:
Conor Foran
A close-up photograph of a page of The Clearing publication. Black and blue typography are on a beige-coloured background. There are moments where the black typography repeats erraticly across the composition: the letter 'd' is scattered and overlaps multiple times. All the typography is the same size.
JJJJJerome Ellis’s The Clearing asks how stuttering, blackness, and music can be practices of refusal against hegemonic governance of time, speech, and encounter. Taking his glottal block stutter as a point of departure, Ellis figures the aporia and the block as clearing to consider how dysfluency, opacity, and refusal can open a new space for relation. This photo shows some of the typographic detailing in the publication.
Voice:
Conor Foran
A photograph of an event poster on a beige-stoned wall. The headline reads: 'The Stammering Collective: Connecting clinical, cultural and creative practice in stammering'. The words clinical, cultural and creative are coloured blue, cherry and emerald respectively. These colours feature throughout the main visual which is a stack of papers curving around the composition. Small text with time and date information sits in the bottom left. In the bottom right corner are the sponsors logos of the Wellcome Collection and University College Dublin. The background is black.
The Stammering Collective is an international group connecting clinical, cultural and creative practice in stammering, supported by Wellcome and University College Dublin. This event poster advertises the launch of their digital archive in October 2022.
https://files.stutteringcommons.org/in-our-collaborations.m4a
Voice:
Conor Foran
A photograph of an event poster on a beige-stoned wall. The headline reads: 'The Stammering Collective: Connecting clinical, cultural and creative practice in stammering'. The words clinical, cultural and creative are coloured blue, cherry and emerald respectively. These colours feature throughout the main visual which is a stack of papers curving around the composition. Small text with time and date information sits in the bottom left. In the bottom right corner are the sponsors logos of the Wellcome Collection and University College Dublin. The background is black.
The Stammering Collective is an international group connecting clinical, cultural and creative practice in stammering, supported by Wellcome and University College Dublin. This event poster advertises the launch of their digital archive in October 2022.
Voice:
Conor Foran
A photo of a person holding Dysfluent magazine issue 2. The front cover is folded outward, revealing a flurry of dark blue, repeated typography that visually represents stammering. The background of the front cover is a light teal. Stacks of the magazine are visible in the background of the phootgraph.
Dysfluent is an independent magazine by Conor Foran and Bart Rzeznik that explores the lived experience of stammering through interviews and essays, facilitating contrasting and challenging views. Each interview is set in Dysfluent Mono, a font representing the person’s stammer. The second issue about stammering pride was published in October 2023 and is a compilation of interviews and visual artwork celebrating and challenging stammering pride.
https://files.stutteringcommons.org/publications.m4a
Voice:
Conor Foran
A photo of a person holding Dysfluent magazine issue 2. The front cover is folded outward, revealing a flurry of dark blue, repeated typography that visually represents stammering. The background of the front cover is a light teal. Stacks of the magazine are visible in the background of the phootgraph.
Dysfluent is an independent magazine by Conor Foran and Bart Rzeznik that explores the lived experience of stammering through interviews and essays, facilitating contrasting and challenging views. Each interview is set in Dysfluent Mono, a font representing the person’s stammer. The second issue about stammering pride was published in October 2023 and is a compilation of interviews and visual artwork celebrating and challenging stammering pride.
Voice:
Conor Foran
A watercolour painting of a young boy swimming in water. He is swimming away, his back turned and face not visible. He has black hair and white skin. Around him are swirls of white, teal and green-painted water.
In 'I Talk Like A River', the author Jordan Scott relates stuttering to a bubbling, churning, whirling and crashing river. This is a watercolour illustration by Sydney Smith that features in the book.
https://files.stutteringcommons.org/we-all-stutter-and-stammer-in-different-ways.m4a
Voice:
Conor Foran
A watercolour painting of a young boy swimming in water. He is swimming away, his back turned and face not visible. He has black hair and white skin. Around him are swirls of white, teal and green-painted water.
In 'I Talk Like A River', the author Jordan Scott relates stuttering to a bubbling, churning, whirling and crashing river. This is a watercolour illustration by Sydney Smith that features in the book.
Voice:
Conor Foran
A grainy, film photograph of a group of people standing in a wooded, grassy area. The group is diverse in age, skin colour, body size and clothing colour and texture. In the centre of the composition, two people are holding a large, hand-made flag. The flag is a stuttering pride flag, and features seagreen and ultramarine waves.
Making Waves: a stuttering pride flag was created by a group of seven people who stutter in October 2022. The flag expresses three values. First: community, represented by sea-green, symbolising the existing community that has used this colour for stuttering awareness since 2009. Second: nature, represented by the wave motif, symbolising stuttering as a natural, varied phenomenon. Third: liberation, represented by ultra-marine, symbolising the progress and passion of the stuttering pride movement. This photo was taken at the first stammering pride march in August 2023 in Victoria Park, London, and was attended by people who stutter and their allies.
https://files.stutteringcommons.org/we-claim-stuttering-as-a-legitimate-and-valued-form-of-speech-variation.m4a
Voice:
Conor Foran
A grainy, film photograph of a group of people standing in a wooded, grassy area. The group is diverse in age, skin colour, body size and clothing colour and texture. In the centre of the composition, two people are holding a large, hand-made flag. The flag is a stuttering pride flag, and features seagreen and ultramarine waves.
Making Waves: a stuttering pride flag was created by a group of seven people who stutter in October 2022. The flag expresses three values. First: community, represented by sea-green, symbolising the existing community that has used this colour for stuttering awareness since 2009. Second: nature, represented by the wave motif, symbolising stuttering as a natural, varied phenomenon. Third: liberation, represented by ultra-marine, symbolising the progress and passion of the stuttering pride movement. This photo was taken at the first stammering pride march in August 2023 in Victoria Park, London, and was attended by people who stutter and their allies.